fiqh

The Shaykh is Maliki in fiqh and Ashari in creed.

There are 8 official jurisprudence (schools of law, fiqh): 4 Sunni, 3 Shia and ibadi (Oman only).

For example, many Hanafi faqeehs (experts in Hanafi fiqh ) will consider the only seafood allowed to eat is fish.

European universities began as seminaries; al-Azhar University is over 1000 years old and initially taught only sharia, fiqh, and the Quran.

The Fiqh part is very different from region to region and from sect to sect.

Legal schools (or fiqh) were established by famous scholars that nearly everyone recognizes as an expert and were carried on by their students.

Many orthodox methodologies of deriving legal rulings (fiqh) from Islamic sources already exist.

You must have got your Ijazah in Fiqh and Usool from Sheikh Google.

Often, the really obscure laws that are brought up in arguments (take female genital mutilation for example) are often part of the Fiqh than the Sharia.

>and there were plenty of ulama willing to provide them with a fiqh justification for that decision.

> Turns out mainly because he was a scholar of fiqh and was therefore in considerable demand wherever he went.

The equivalent in Islam is sharia and fiqh.

Fiqh ("jurisprudence") interprets and extends the application of Sharia to questions not directly addressed in the primary sources by including secondary sources.

Can you point me to any actual Fiqh which presents the possibility of choice of "which passages to believe" in Islamic scholarship?

No, because there is a fiqh (jurisprudence) rule that roughly states “necessities permit the prohibited”, which can be used to override the impurity of pigs.

While not exactly equivalent to the Talmud, there are many such "impossible what if" cases in Islamic jurisprudence (FiQh) that are recorded in some ancient scholarly books.

Fiqh (which is the interpretations) ----- That's the issue.

The development of logic in the Islamic world has little to do with the Arabic language and everything to do with Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), and the conquest of settled, sedentary peoples in Persia, the Roman occupied Levant and Anatolia.