endothelium

If the endothelium is damaged, stromal fluid accumulates and opacity can progressively over months/a year from one hit.

The endothelium produces Nitric Oxide gas that is both a vaso-dialator and also helps the endothelium repair itself and cleanse itself of non-calcified foam cells.

The Bowman's layer is particularly frustrating for medicinal delivery - it stops most particles from reaching stroma/endothelium.

K2 was supposed to help endothelium as well and was known for enabling calcium to move from blood to bones.

We know that medication that helps blood flow and endothelium improves brain long-term, like sildenafil.

One supposition can be made: light has been shown to generate NO in the endothelium, which through a cascade of events leads to vasodilation.

Additionally, the liver has a fenestrated endothelium which, while not completely unique in the body, uniquely allows molecules like lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to access liver cells.

Usually with some quackery over how atherosclerosis works, usually claiming that lipids only pass through the arterial endothelium when it's inflamed (false, they pass through anyways).

The BBB endothelium is a specialized system of brain microvascular endothelial cells that separate circulating blood from the brain’s extracellular fluid, maintaining the brain’s homeostatic environment [23].

Most of these issues stem back to endothelium damage.

COX-2 is involved in maintaining the endothelium of blood vessels, and can increase stroke and infarction risk by stiffening and degrading the lining of the blood vessels over time.

M1 polarized microglia, damaged endothelium, dysfunctional mitochondria...

When such a "metabolic" inflammation occurs, it tends to target blood vessels of all sizes, causing the gradual dysfunction of their endothelium.

CVD is the result of an injury to the endothelium that first attracts white blood cells to the damage, then cholesterol joins the party and they form "foam" cells that can get under the endothelium and eventually calcify.

The blood brain barrier is not a membrane, like the meninges (dura, pia, arach, etc) It is the way that molecules are "filtered" by the endothelium before going out of the bloodstream.

The curcumin used in this study was a bioavailable form called Theracurmin, which the researchers describe as a “form of curcumin with increased intestinal endothelium penetrability” The highlight here, for me, is the "all of whom had mild memory problems".