uvular

I don't think Amharic has a uvular ejective /q'/, nor the uvular stop or pharyngeal consonants.

There are many kinds of rhotic trills and the guttural R (aka uvular trill) is one of them.

It also looks like Sanskrit doesn't have any uvular, pharyngeal, or glottal consonants, and no velar or post-velar fricatives.

There's a (not so) fine difference between the rolled/trilled R [1] and the guttural/uvular R [2].

For example, Turkic languages typically feature front/back vowel harmony where stops are velar before front vowels and uvular before back vowels.

It was merged into the voiceless uvular fricative כ khaf (خ in Arabic).

It's not an uvular letter though, it's pharyngeal (to epiglottal in some places).

Phonetically, French is quite different from English (equally stressed syllables, no diphthongs, nasalized vowels, unaspirated stops, uvular r).

But even in those cases, Q and K are exactly equivalent in written English, because we don't have the uvular consonants present in Arabic.

So for example before a uvular q sound in Arabic, the sound /a/ which is usually something like English a in cat will become back and low, something more like au in caught.

To be clear: I do not mean the /k/ sound, but the /x/ or /χ/ (voiceless velar/uvular fricative), which is seldom used in English, except when properly pronouncing the names of Scottish lochs, or the name of J.

This is a peculiarity of Japanese transcription: the moraic nasal [0] is often transcribed as /ɴ/ or /N/ in phonemic representation, while its phonetic realisation varies between [m~n~ɲ~ŋ]; it is true uvular [ɴ] only utterance-finally, but apparently even that is controversial.

The Arabic <ع> is pharyngeal, while the "R" you are thinking of is uvular.

In my experience most English dialects don't have a better approximant for "voiceless uvular fricative" and so I don't think it's a terrible clwdge.

In the "guttural R" used in German the sound is made in the back of the throat without the need to press ones tongue against the roof of the mouth; just the base/root of the tongue against the uvular.

That character is from the phonetic alphabet so it's not the "concept of G", it's the concept of a "voiced uvular stop", which happens to looks visually like G.